The following analysis examined demographic differences in Casper score, focusing on the following variables:
[Subgroups with less than 5 applicants have been excluded from the following analysis]
| Total (N=136) |
|
|---|---|
| Race | |
| Asian | 3 (2.2%) |
| Black or African American | 4 (2.9%) |
| Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin | 6 (4.4%) |
| Mixed | 2 (1.5%) |
| Not Answered | 5 (3.7%) |
| White | 116 (85.3%) |
| Gender | |
| Female | 129 (94.9%) |
| Male | 6 (4.4%) |
| Non-binary | 0 (0%) |
| Missing | 1 (0.7%) |
| Age | |
| Under 20 | 1 (0.7%) |
| 20-22 | 76 (55.9%) |
| 23-25 | 15 (11.0%) |
| 26-28 | 21 (15.4%) |
| Over 28 | 9 (6.6%) |
| Missing | 14 (10.3%) |
| Language Spoken at Home | |
| English | 127 (93.4%) |
| Not Answered | 5 (3.7%) |
| Other | 1 (0.7%) |
| Spanish | 3 (2.2%) |
| Community Size | |
| Rural | 33 (24.3%) |
| Small town/city | 48 (35.3%) |
| Medium town/city | 15 (11.0%) |
| Large town/city | 24 (17.6%) |
| Major urban center | 5 (3.7%) |
| Missing | 11 (8.1%) |
| Gross.Income | |
| Less than $25,000 | 8 (5.9%) |
| $25,000 to $49,999 | 11 (8.1%) |
| $50,000 to $74,999 | 22 (16.2%) |
| $75,000 to $99,999 | 21 (15.4%) |
| $100,000 to $149,999 | 29 (21.3%) |
| $150,000 to $199,999 | 7 (5.1%) |
| $200,000 and above | 9 (6.6%) |
| Missing | 29 (21.3%) |
| Highest Education | |
| None | 0 (0%) |
| High school degree or equivalent (e.g. GED) | 20 (14.7%) |
| Some college, no degree | 31 (22.8%) |
| Associate degree (e.g. AA, AS) | 22 (16.2%) |
| Bachelor’s degree (e.g. BA, BS) | 57 (41.9%) |
| Master’s degree (e.g. MA, MS, MEd) | 2 (1.5%) |
| Professional degree (e.g. MD, DDS, DVM) | 0 (0%) |
| Doctorate (e.g. PhD, EdD) | 0 (0%) |
| Missing | 4 (2.9%) |
| Highest Education of Parents | |
| None | 0 (0%) |
| High school degree or equivalent (e.g. GED) | 11 (8.1%) |
| Some college, no degree | 15 (11.0%) |
| Associate degree (e.g. AA, AS) | 16 (11.8%) |
| Bachelor’s degree (e.g. BA, BS) | 47 (34.6%) |
| Master’s degree (e.g. MA, MS, MEd) | 31 (22.8%) |
| Professional degree (e.g. MD, DDS, DVM) | 1 (0.7%) |
| Doctorate (e.g. PhD, EdD) | 6 (4.4%) |
| Missing | 9 (6.6%) |
| Work Experience | |
| NA | 0 (0%) |
| None | 2 (1.5%) |
| Under 1 year | 3 (2.2%) |
| 1-2 years | 13 (9.6%) |
| 3-5 years | 60 (44.1%) |
| 6-10 years | 33 (24.3%) |
| 11-15 years | 10 (7.4%) |
| 16-20 years | 3 (2.2%) |
| Over 20 years | 2 (1.5%) |
| Missing | 10 (7.4%) |
| Employment.Before.18 | |
| No | 32 (23.5%) |
| Over 20 hours/week | 21 (15.4%) |
| Under 20 hours/week | 79 (58.1%) |
| Missing | 4 (2.9%) |
Survey question: How do you self-identify?
No overall difference in Casper score by race was found (F ( 2 , 124 ) = 1.93 , p= 1.49e-01 ).
| Race | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin | 6 | -0.29 | 0.89 | -0.80 | 0.22 | 1.03 |
| Not Answered | 5 | -0.33 | 1.48 | -0.08 | 0.50 | 0.58 |
| White | 116 | 0.23 | 0.85 | -0.26 | 0.80 | 1.06 |
Survey question: What is your gender?
No overall difference in Casper score by gender was found (F ( 1 , 133 ) = 0.05 , p= 8.26e-01 ).
| Gender | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 129 | 0.15 | 0.89 | -0.34 | 0.75 | 1.09 |
| Male | 6 | 0.24 | 1.01 | -0.07 | 0.82 | 0.89 |
No overall difference in Casper score by gender was found (F ( 3 , 117 ) = 1.7 , p= 1.70e-01 ).
| Age | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20-22 | 76 | 0.26 | 0.81 | -0.21 | 0.83 | 1.03 |
| 23-25 | 15 | 0.18 | 1.04 | -0.17 | 0.71 | 0.88 |
| 26-28 | 21 | -0.09 | 0.83 | -0.79 | 0.50 | 1.29 |
| Over 28 | 9 | -0.29 | 1.11 | -1.24 | 0.60 | 1.84 |
| NA | 14 | 0.30 | 1.06 | 0.09 | 0.74 | 0.66 |
Survey question: What language do you speak most often at home?
An overall difference in Casper score by Language spoken at home was found (F ( 1 , 130 ) = 6.03 , p= 1.54e-02 , \(omega\) = 0.037 ).
| Home.Language | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | 127 | 0.22 | 0.84 | -0.28 | 0.77 | 1.05 |
| Not Answered | 5 | -0.75 | 1.39 | -1.05 | 0.37 | 1.42 |
| Cohen’s d | conf.low | conf.high | magnitude | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Not Answered | 0.84 | -0.08 | 2.07 | large |
Survey question: What is the size of the community in which you grew up?
Remote/isolated (population < 1,000)
Rural (population between 1,000 and 9,999)
Small town/city (population between 10,000 and 49,999)
Medium town/city (population between 50,000 and 99,999)
Large town/city (population between 100,000 and 1,000,000)
Major urban center (population > 1,000,000)
No difference in Casper score by community size was found (F ( 4 , 120 ) = 0.64 , p= 6.35e-01 ).
| Community.Size | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | 33 | 0.14 | 0.75 | -0.19 | 0.59 | 0.78 |
| Small town/city | 48 | 0.34 | 0.91 | -0.23 | 0.92 | 1.15 |
| Medium town/city | 15 | 0.17 | 0.72 | -0.25 | 0.71 | 0.96 |
| Large town/city | 24 | 0.06 | 1.02 | -0.39 | 0.47 | 0.86 |
| Major urban center | 5 | -0.10 | 0.77 | -0.55 | 0.38 | 0.93 |
| NA | 11 | -0.23 | 1.10 | -0.72 | 0.44 | 1.16 |
Survey question: Regardless of dependency status, please indicate your parents’ combined gross income for last year (in USD, a rough estimate is sufficient)
There was no difference in Casper score by by household income (F ( 6 , 100 ) = 1.45 , p= 2.05e-01 ).
| Gross.Income | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than $25,000 | 8 | 0.11 | 1.35 | -1.08 | 1.22 | 2.30 |
| $25,000 to $49,999 | 11 | -0.08 | 1.12 | -0.86 | 0.40 | 1.25 |
| $50,000 to $74,999 | 22 | -0.01 | 0.70 | -0.54 | 0.52 | 1.06 |
| $75,000 to $99,999 | 21 | 0.17 | 0.80 | -0.19 | 0.57 | 0.76 |
| $100,000 to $149,999 | 29 | 0.48 | 0.83 | -0.05 | 1.12 | 1.17 |
| $150,000 to $199,999 | 7 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.93 | 0.55 |
| $200,000 and above | 9 | -0.08 | 0.73 | -0.31 | 0.60 | 0.91 |
| NA | 29 | 0.01 | 0.96 | -0.61 | 0.60 | 1.21 |
Survey question: What is the highest degree or level of school that you have completed?
There was no difference in Casper score by education (F ( 3 , 126 ) = 1.4 , p= 2.46e-01 ).
| Highest.Education.Self | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High school degree or equivalent (e.g. GED) | 20 | 0.46 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.94 | 0.92 |
| Some college, no degree | 31 | 0.28 | 0.54 | -0.05 | 0.53 | 0.58 |
| Associate degree (e.g. AA, AS) | 22 | -0.01 | 0.79 | -0.64 | 0.59 | 1.23 |
| Bachelor’s degree (e.g. BA, BS) | 57 | 0.11 | 0.99 | -0.76 | 0.82 | 1.58 |
Survey question: What is the highest degree or level of school either of your parents have completed?
There was no difference in Casper score by parents’ education (F ( 5 , 120 ) = 1.3 , p= 2.69e-01 ).
| Highest.Education.Parents | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High school degree or equivalent (e.g. GED) | 11 | 0.34 | 0.88 | -0.26 | 0.81 | 1.08 |
| Some college, no degree | 15 | -0.23 | 0.94 | -0.82 | 0.38 | 1.20 |
| Associate degree (e.g. AA, AS) | 16 | 0.38 | 0.90 | -0.21 | 0.77 | 0.98 |
| Bachelor’s degree (e.g. BA, BS) | 47 | 0.18 | 0.85 | -0.19 | 0.74 | 0.92 |
| Master’s degree (e.g. MA, MS, MEd) | 31 | 0.26 | 0.76 | -0.08 | 0.80 | 0.88 |
| Doctorate (e.g. PhD, EdD) | 6 | 0.63 | 0.80 | 0.44 | 1.06 | 0.62 |
| NA | 9 | -0.43 | 1.15 | -1.05 | 0.37 | 1.42 |
Survey question: How many years of work experience do you have?
No overall difference in Casper score by Work Experience was found (F ( 3 , 112 ) = 0.43 , p= 7.33e-01 ).
| Work.Experience | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2 years | 13 | 0.46 | 0.73 | -0.05 | 0.92 | 0.97 |
| 3-5 years | 60 | 0.21 | 0.86 | -0.26 | 0.83 | 1.09 |
| 6-10 years | 33 | 0.28 | 0.84 | -0.05 | 0.64 | 0.69 |
| 11-15 years | 10 | 0.09 | 0.98 | -0.34 | 0.58 | 0.92 |
| NA | 10 | -0.73 | 0.98 | -1.05 | -0.21 | 0.84 |
Survey question: Were you employed before the age of 18?
No overall difference in Casper score by employment before 18 was found (F ( 2 , 129 ) = 1.3 , p= 2.77e-01 ).
| Employment.Before.18 | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 32 | 0.09 | 0.79 | -0.32 | 0.76 | 1.08 |
| Over 20 hours/week | 21 | 0.45 | 0.92 | -0.15 | 1.19 | 1.34 |
| Under 20 hours/week | 79 | 0.16 | 0.85 | -0.52 | 0.66 | 1.18 |
An overall difference in Casper score was found between applicants who applied to the current program and applicants who applied elsewhere (t ( 135.35 ) = -2.1 , p= 3.77e-02 , cohen’s d = 0.16 ).
| Applied.to.Program | Count | Mean | St. Deviation | 25% percentile | 75% percentile | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 132635 | 0.00 | 1.00 | -0.67 | 0.69 | 1.36 |
| Yes | 136 | 0.16 | 0.89 | -0.34 | 0.75 | 1.09 |
Unless otherwise indicated, statistical testing for demographics with two subgroups was conducted using t-tests and for demographics with more than two subgroups with an analysis of variance with subgroup differences examined using Bonferroni-corrected pairwise t-tests. Alpha level was set at 0.05.
Note on reading the boxplots: boxplots are a standardized and useful way of displaying how data points are distributed. The end of the left line on a boxplot indicates the minimum or lowest datapoint. The left edge of the box indicates the 25th percentile, the middle line of a plot (where the box is thinnest) represents the median value and the right edge of the box indicates the 75th percentile. The end of the line to the right of the box indicates the maximum or highest datapoint in that group. The span of the box indicates the area where 50% of samples lie. The notches around the midline (median) of a box indicate the confidence interval around the median and is roughly used to compare the medians of two boxes. When the notches of two boxes do not overlap, it is usually used as a quick visual estimate for the existence of a difference between datapoints in the two boxes.